创世神的日常 催眠类，人类早期精神觉醒的滥觞

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EnumaElish（埃努玛.埃利什），也称为“七块泥板上的创世史诗”，是美索不达米亚的创世神话，其名称源于作品开头句子“当高处”。史诗泥板在阿舒尔（Ahur），基什（Kish），尼尼微（Nineveh）的阿瑟巴尼帕尔（Ahurbanipal）图书馆等公元前1200年的遗址中发现。但泥板的记录表明，它们都是源于苏美尔人消亡之前（公元前1750年）的神话版本，是苏美尔人记录的创世神话。

故事梗概

EnumaElish是世界上最古老的故事之一，讲述神灵的诞生以及宇宙和人类的创造。最初，只有未分化的水在混乱中回旋。从这漩涡中，水分为甜淡水（称为阿普苏神Apsu）和咸苦水（女神提亚玛特Tiamat）。一旦区别开来，这两个实体的结合就诞生了年轻的神灵。

这些年轻的神灵非常吵闹，扰乱了阿普苏（Apsu）的夜间睡眠，并影响他白天的工作。在他的牧师Mummu建议下，Apsu决定杀死年轻的众神。提亚马特（Tiamat）听到他们的计划后，警告了她的长子恩基（Enki），Enki于是将Apsu催眠并杀死了他。Enki从Apsu的遗体中创建了自己的家。

Enki苏美尔水神

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曾经是年轻神灵的支持者的提亚马特（Tiamat）很生气，因为他们杀死了她的伴侣。她咨询昆古（Quingu），后者建议她对年轻的神开战。提亚马特（Tiamat）向Quingu授予《命运之书》，赋予他统帅众神的合法地位并可以控制命运。Quingu骄傲地将它戴在胸前，成为统帅。提亚玛特（Tiamat）召唤了混乱的力量，创造了11个可怕的怪物，准备毁灭她的孩子。

Ea（智慧之神），Enki和其它年轻的诸神无力抗衡，徒劳无功地与Tiamat战斗，直到他们中的佼佼者马尔杜克（Marduk）站出来发誓要击败Tiamat。最终Marduk击败了昆古（Quingu），用箭将Tiamat射成两半。从Tiamat的眼睛里流淌出底格里斯河和幼发拉底河。Marduk从Tiamat的尸体中创造了天堂和大地，他任命众神担任各种职务，并将Tiamat的11种怪物绑在脚上作为战利品，然后将其形象摆在他的新家中。他还从Quingu手中取得命运之书，从而使他的统治合法化。

Marduk

?在众神为他的伟大胜利和创造艺术而赞美他之后，马尔杜克与伊亚（Ea智慧之神）进行了协商，决定用提亚马特发动战争的众神的遗骸创造人类。昆古（Quingu）被判有罪并被杀死，而伊亚（Ea）从昆古的鲜血中创造了第一个人卢鲁（Lullu），他成为众神的助手，帮助众神完成维护秩序和遏制混乱的永恒任务。

如诗中所言，“Ea创造了人类/为之强加了对众神的服务，并解放了众神”（TabletVI.33-34）。在此之后，Marduk“安排了阴间的组织”，并将众神分配到指派的位置（泥版VI.43-46）。Tiamat史诗在泥板VII中以对Marduk成就的长篇赞誉结束。

巴比伦时期的EnumaElish

汉谟拉比（Hammurabi）统治期间（公元前1792-1750年），Marduk在巴比伦（Babylon）是最显赫的神，甚至取代了最受欢迎的女神伊南娜（Inanna）。实际上，在Hammurabi统治期间，许多以前很受欢迎的女神被男神取代。EnumaElish称赞Marduk为所有神中最强大的神，因此随着神本人的崛起和他的巴比伦城的不断发展而变得越来越受欢迎。

Inanna

Marduk崇拜的兴起与巴比伦从城邦到帝国首都的政治崛起密切相关。从Kassite（卡西特）时期开始，Marduk变得越来越重要，直到巴比伦创世史诗的作者有可能坚持认为，Marduk不仅是众神之王，而且其中许多神不过是他人格的一部分。

这个时期，整个美索不达米亚都在阅读和叙述《EnumaElish》，在巴比伦的新年节上尤为重要。这个节日期间，人们将把Marduk的雕像从神庙中抬出，游行穿过城市的街道，从城门出来，到为此节日建造的房子里的“度假”。尤其是，人们在游行和狂欢中吟诵和赞美EnumaElish。

Marduk后期被当作太阳神

巴比伦与古代苏美尔人的所有著名的古老城市及其神灵交战。它是与自己的母文明发动战争并摧毁之。巴比伦敏锐地意识到自己是苏美尔文明的继承者和延续者，从它的国王，尤其是西兰(Sealand)王朝后半期的国王，精心设计苏美尔化名字可以清楚地看出这一事实。因此，巴比伦或许意识到它的胜利在某种意义上是弑父的。从这个意义上讲，史诗还可以被解读为巴比伦和巴比伦文化战胜古老苏美尔文明的崛起寓言。

EnumaElish与圣经创世纪

后来，《EnumaElish》成为希伯来文抄写员的灵感来源，他们创造了如今被称为《圣经》的创世记。在公元19世纪之前，圣经被认为是世界上最古老的书，其叙述被认为是完全原创的。

公元19世纪中叶，欧洲博物馆以及学术和宗教机构赞助了美索不达米亚的发掘活动，以寻找历史证据来证实圣经中的故事。然而，这些发掘给出的结论恰恰与初衷相反，因为通过泥板楔形文字的记录，就可以理解，许多圣经叙述都是起源于美索不达米亚的。?

诸如《人类堕落》和《大洪水》之类的著名故事最初是由苏美尔人书写和流传下来的，后来在巴比伦时期进行了翻译和修改，之后又被亚述人重新编写，然后被希伯来文抄写员使用，最后出现在圣经中。圣经叙事的基本范式与美索不达米亚故事紧密关联。

在以自己的目的修改美索不达米亚创世故事时，希伯来抄写员强化了叙述和重点，保留了全能的神灵从混乱中带来秩序的概念。在EnumaElish中，Marduk建立了世界的秩序——就像上帝在创世记故事中所做的那样——人类应该认识到这一伟大的恩惠，并通过服务来荣耀神灵。

EnumaElish是人类早期精神觉醒的滥觞

EnumaElish故事可以被解读为秩序战胜混乱、生命永恒变化、人类服务众神的宏大创世史诗，目前看到的版本是经过巴比伦人、亚述人等后期文明修改过的，很多叙事细节和众神的地位被修改以符合新的审美和价值，但故事基本结构应该还保留了一些苏美尔人的原始版本内容。

原始神灵在混沌中产生，之后原始的静态神被更年轻、更有活力的神所取代，然后他们通过创造不能永生的凡人，将变化和可变性的概念引入宇宙。这些普通人类的任务是帮助众神维持他们创造的秩序，虽然它们本身不是永恒的，但在众神的永恒秩序中扮演着不可或缺的角色。

在古苏美尔和美索不达米亚，人们认为人类是神灵的合作者，以维护创造的秩序并阻止混乱的力量。EnumaElish史诗反映的是早期人类对世界本源和自身存在意义的思考和精神启蒙。

------EnumaElish原文英文翻译------EnumaElish(巴比伦创世史诗)，-W.G.Lambert

TabletI

1Whentheheavensabovedidnotexist,2Andearthbeneathhadnotcomeintobeing—3TherewasAps?,thefirstinorder,theirbegetter,4AnddemiurgeTia-mat,whogavebirthtothemall;5Theyhadmingledtheirwaterstogether6Beforemeadow-landhadcoalescedandreed-bedwastohefound—7Whennotoneofthegodshadbeenformed8Orhadcomeintobeing,whennodestinieshadbeendecreed,9Thegodswerecreatedwithinthem:10Lah(muandLah(amuwereformedandcameintobeing.11Whiletheygrewandincreasedinstature12An?arandKi?ar,whoexcelledthem,werecreated.13Theyprolongedtheirdays,theymultipliedtheiryears.14Anu,theirson,couldrivalhisfathers.15Anu,theson,equalledAn?ar,16AndAnubegatNudimmud,hisownequal.17Nudimmudwasthechampionamonghisfathers:18Profoundlydiscerning,wise,ofrobuststrength;19Verymuchstrongerthanhisfather'sbegetter,An?ar20Hehadnorivalamongthegods,hisbrothers.21Thedivinebrotherscametogether,22Theirclamourgotloud,throwingTia-matintoaturmoil.23TheyjarredthenervesofTia-mat,24AndbytheirdancingtheyspreadalarminAnduruna.25Aps?didnotdiminishtheirclamour,26AndTia-matwassilentwhenconfrontedwiththem.27Theirconductwasdispleasingtoher,28Yetthoughtheirbehaviourwasnotgood,shewishedtosparethem.29ThereuponAps?,thebegetterofthegreatgods,30CalledMummu,hisvizier,andaddressedhim,31"VizierMummu,whogratifiesmypleasure,32Come,letusgotoTia-mat!"33Theywentandsat,facingTia-mat,34Astheyconferredaboutthegods,theirsons.35Aps?openedhismouth36AndaddressedTia-mat37"Theirbehaviourhasbecomedispleasingtome38AndIcannotrestintheday-timeorsleepatnight.39Iwilldestroyandbreakuptheirwayoflife40Thatsilencemayreignandwemaysleep."41WhenTia-matheardthis42Sheragedandcriedouttoherspouse,43Shecriedindistress,fumingwithinherself,44Shegrievedoverthe(plotted)evil,45"Howcanwedestroywhatwehavegivenbirthto?46Thoughtheirbehaviourcausesdistress,letustightendisciplinegraciously."47MummuspokeupwithcounselforAps?—48(Asfrom)arebelliousvizierwasthecounselofhisMummu—49"Destroy,myfather,thatlawlesswayoflife,50Thatyoumayrestintheday-timeandsleepbynight!"51Aps?waspleasedwithhim,hisfacebeamed52Becausehehadplottedevilagainstthegods,hissons.53MummuputhisarmsaroundAps?'sneck,54Hesatonhiskneeskissinghim.55Whattheyplottedintheirgathering56Wasreportedtothegods,theirsons.57Thegodshearditandwerefrantic.58Theywereovercomewithsilenceandsatquietly.59Ea,whoexcelsinknowledge,theskilledandlearned,60Ea,whoknowseverything,perceivedtheirtricks.61Hefashioneditandmadeittobeall-embracing,62Heexecuteditskilfullyassupreme—hispureincantation.63Hereciteditandsetitonthewaters,64Hepouredsleepuponhimashewasslumberingdeeply.65HeputAps?toslumberashepouredoutsleep,66AndMummu,thecounsellor,wasbreathlesswithagitation.67Hesplit(Aps?'s)sinews,rippedoffhiscrown,68Carriedawayhisauraandputitonhimself.69HeboundAps?andkilledhim;70Mummuheconfinedandhandledroughly.71HesethisdwellinguponAps?,72AndlaidholdonMummu,keepingthenose-ropeinhishand.73AfterEahadboundandslainhisenemies,74Hadachievedvictoryoverhisfoes,75Herestedquietlyinhischamber,76HecalleditAps?,whoseshrinesheappointed.77Thenhefoundedhisliving-quarterswithinit,78AndEaandDamkina,hiswife,satinsplendour.79Inthechamberofthedestinies,theroomofthearchetypes,80Thewisestofthewise,thesageofthegods,Be-lwasconceived.81InAps?wasMardukborn,82InpureAps?wasMardukborn.83Eahisfatherbegathim,84Damkinahismotherborehim.85Hesuckedthebreastsofgoddesses,86Anurserearedhimandfilledhimwithterror.87Hisfigurewaswelldeveloped,theglanceofhiseyeswasdazzling,88Hisgrowthwasmanly,hewasmightyfromthebeginning.89Anu,hisfather'sbegetter,sawhim,90Heexultedandsmiled;hisheartfilledwithjoy.91Anurenderedhimperfect:hisdivinitywasremarkable,92Andhebecameverylofty,excellingtheminhisattributes.93Hismemberswereincomprehensiblywonderful,94Incapableofbeinggraspedwiththemind,hardeventolookon.95Fourwerehiseyes,fourhisears,96Flameshotforthashemovedhislips.97Hisfourearsgrewlarge,93Andhiseyeslikewisetookineverything.99Hisfigurewasloftyandsuperiorincomparisonwiththegods,100Hislimbsweresurpassing,hisnaturewassuperior.101'Mari-utu,Mari-utu,102TheSon,theSun-god,theSun-godofthegods.'103HewasclothedwiththeauraoftheTenGods,soexaltedwashisstrength,104TheFiftyDreadswereloadeduponhim.105Anuformedandgavebirthtothefourwinds,106Hedeliveredthemtohim,"Myson,letthemwhirl!"107Heformeddustandsetahurricanetodriveit,108HemadeawavetobringconsternationonTia-mat.109Tia-matwasconfounded;dayandnightshewasfrantic.110Thegodstooknorest,they.......111Intheirmindstheyplottedevil,112AndaddressedtheirmotherTia-mat,113"WhenAps?,yourspouse,waskilled,114Youdidnotgoathisside,butsatquietly.115Thefourdreadfulwindshavebeenfashioned116Tothrowyouintoconfusion,andwecannotsleep.117YougavenothoughttoAps?,yourspouse,113NortoMummu,whoisaprisoner.Nowyousitalone.119Henceforthyouwillbeinfranticconsternation!120Andasforus,whocannotrest,youdonotloveus!121Considerourburden,oureyesarehollow.122Breaktheimmovableyokethatwemaysleep.123Makebattle,avengethem!124[..]....reducetonothingness!125Tia-matheard,thespeechpleasedher,126(Shesaid,)"Letusmakedemons,[asyou]haveadvised."127Thegodsassembledwithinher.128Theyconceived[evil]againstthegodstheirbegetters.129They.....andtookthesideofTia-mat,130Fiercelyplotting,unrestingbynightandday,131Lustingforbattle,raging,storming,132Theysetupahosttobringaboutconflict.133MotherH(ubur,whoformseverything,134Suppliedirresistibleweapons,andgavebirthtogiantserpents.135Theyhadsharpteeth,theyweremerciless....136Withpoisoninsteadofbloodshefilledtheirbodies.137Sheclothedthefearfulmonsterswithdread,138Sheloadedthemwithanauraandmadethemgodlike.139(Shesaid,)"Lettheironlookerfeeblyperish,140Maytheyconstantlyleapforwardandneverretire."141ShecreatedtheHydra,theDragon,theHairyHero142TheGreatDemon,theSavageDog,andtheScorpion-man,143Fiercedemons,theFish-man,andtheBull-man,144Carriersofmercilessweapons,fearlessinthefaceofbattle.145Hercommandsweretremendous,nottoberesisted.146Altogethershemadeelevenofthatkind.147Amongthegods,hersons,whomsheconstitutedherhost,148SheexaltedQingu,andmagnifiedhimamongthem.149Theleadershipofthearmy,thedirectionofthehost,150Thebearingofweapons,campaigning,themobilizationofconflict,151Thechiefexecutivepowerofbattle,supremecommand,152Sheentrustedtohimandsethimonathrone,153"Ihavecastthespellforyouandexaltedyouinthehostofthegods,154Ihavedeliveredtoyoutheruleofallthegods.155Youareindeedexalted,myspouse,youarerenowned,156LetyourcommandsprevailoveralltheAnunnaki."157ShegavehimtheTabletofDestiniesandfastenedittohisbreast,158(Saying)"Yourordermaynotbechanged;lettheutteranceofyourmouthbefirm."159AfterQinguwaselevatedandhadacquiredthepowerofAnuship,160Hedecreedthedestiniesforthegods,hersons:161"Maytheutteranceofyourmouthssubduethefire-god,162Mayyourpoisonbyitsaccumulationputdownaggression."

TabletII

1Tia-matgatheredtogetherhercreation2Andorganisedbattleagainstthegods,heroffspring.3HenceforthTia-matplottedevilbecauseofAps?4ItbecameknowntoEathatshehadarrangedtheconflict.5Eaheardthismatter,6Helapsedintosilenceinhischamberandsatmotionless.7Afterhehadreflectedandhisangerhadsubsided8HedirectedhisstepstoAn?arhisfather.9Heenteredthepresenceofthefatherofhisbegetter,An?ar,10AndrelatedtohimallofTia-mat'splotting.11"Myfather,Tia-matourmotherhasconceivedahatredforus,12Shehasestablishedahostinhersavagefury.13Allthegodshaveturnedtoher,14Eventhoseyou(pl.)begatalsotakeherside15They.....andtookthesideofTia-mat,16Fiercelyplotting,unrestingbynightandday,17Lustingforbattle,raging,storming,18Theysetupahosttobringaboutconflict.19MotherH(ubur,whoformseverything,20Suppliedirresistibleweapons,andgavebirthtogiantserpents.21Theyhadsharpteeth,theyweremerciless.22Withpoisoninsteadofbloodshefilledtheirbodies.23Sheclothedthefearfulmonsterswithdread,24Sheloadedthemwithanauraandmadethemgodlike.25(Shesaid,)"Lettheironlookerfeeblyperish,26Maytheyconstantlyleapforwardandneverretire."27ShecreatedtheHydra,theDragon,theHairyHero,28TheGreatDemon,theSavageDog,andtheScorpion-man,29Fiercedemons,theFish-man,andtheBull-man,30Carriersofmercilessweapons,fearlessinthefaceofbattle.31Hercommandsweretremendous,nottoberesisted.32Altogethershemadeelevenofthatkind.33Amongthegods,hersons,whomsheconstitutedherhost,34SheexaltedQinguandmagnifiedhimamongthem.35Theleadershipofthearmy,thedirectionofthehost,36Thebearingofweapons,campaigning,themobilizationofconflict,37Thechiefexecutivepowerofbattlesupremecommand,38Sheentrustedtohimandsethimonathrone.39"Ihavecastthespellforyouandexaltedyouinthehostofthegods,40Ihavedeliveredtoyoutheruleofallthegods.41Youareindeedexalted,myspouse,youarerenowned,42LetyourcommandsprevailoveralltheAnunnaki."43ShegavehimthetabletofDestiniesandfastenedittohisbreast,44(Saying)"Yourordermaynothechanged;lettheutteranceofyourmouthbefirm."45AfterQinguwaselevatedandhadacquiredthepowerofAnuship46Hedecreedthedestiniesforthegods.hersons:47"Maytheutteranceofyourmouthssubduethefire-god,48Mayyourpoisonbyitsaccumulationputdownaggression."49An?arheard;thematterwasprofoundlydisturbing.50Hecried"Woe!"andbithislip.51Hisheartwasinfury,hismindcouldnotbecalmed.52OverEahissonhiscrywasfaltering.53"Myson,youwhoprovokedthewar,54Takeresponsibilityforwhateveryoualonehavedone!55YousetoutandkilledAps?,56AndasforTia-mat,whomyoumadefurious,whereisherequal?"57Thegathererofcounsel,thelearnedprince,58Thecreatorofwisdom,thegodNudimmud59Withsoothingwordsandcalmingutterance60Gentlyanswered[his]fatherAn?ar61"Myfather,deepmind,whodecreesdestiny,62Whohasthepowertobringintobeinganddestroy,63An?ar,deepmind,whodecreesdestiny,64Whohasthepowertobringintobeingandtodestroy,65Iwanttosaysomethingtoyou,calmdownformeforamoment66AndconsiderthatIperformedahelpfuldeed.67BeforeIkilledAps?68Whocouldhaveseenthepresentsituation?69BeforeIquicklymadeanendofhim70WhatwerethecircumstanceswereItodestroyhim?"71An?arheard,thewordspleasedhim.72HisheartrelaxedtospeaktoEa,73"Myson,yourdeedsarefittingforagod,74Youarecapableofafierce,unequalledblow..[...]75Ea,yourdeedsarefittingforagod,76Youarecapableofafierce,unequalledblow..[...]77GobeforeTia-matandappeaseherattack,78..[...]...herfurywith[your]incantation."79HeheardthespeechofAn?arhisfather,80Hetooktheroadtoher,proceededontheroutetoher.81Hewent,heperceivedthetricksofTia-mat,82[Hestopped],fellsilent,andturnedback.83[He]enteredthepresenceofaugustAn?ar84Penitentlyaddressinghim,85"[Myfather],Tia-mat'sdeedsaretoomuchforme.86Iperceivedherplanning,and[my]incantationwasnotequal(toit).87Herstrengthismighty,sheisfullofdread,88Sheisaltogetherverystrong,nonecangoagainsther.89Herveryloudcrydidnotdiminish,90[Ibecameafraid]ofhercryandturnedback.91[Myfather],donotlosehope,sendasecondpersonagainsther.92Thoughawoman'sstrengthisverygreat,itisnotequaltoaman's.93Disbandhercohorts,breakupherplans94Beforeshelaysherhandsonus."95An?arcriedoutinintensefury,96AddressingAnuhisson,97"Honouredson,hero,warrior,98Whosestrengthismighty,whoseattackisirresistible99HastenandstandbeforeTia-mat,100Appeaseherragethatherheartmayrelax101Ifshedoesnotharkentoyourwords,102Addresstoherwordsofpetitionthatshemaybeappeased."103HeheardthespeechofAn?arhisfather,104Hetooktheroadtoher,proceededontheroutetoher.105Anuwent,heperceivedthetricksofTia-mat,106Hestopped,fellsilent,andturnedback.107HeenteredthepresenceofAn?arthefatherwhobegathim,108Penitentlyaddressinghim.109"Myfather,Tia-mat's[deeds]aretoomuchforme.110Iperceivedherplanning,butmy[incantation]wasnot[equal](toit).111Herstrengthismighty,sheis[full]ofdread,112Sheisaltogetherverystrong,noone[cangoagainsther].113Herveryloudnoisedoesnotdiminish,114Ibecameafraidofhercryandturnedback.115Myfather,donotlosehope,sendanotherpersonagainsther.116Thoughawoman'sstrengthisverygreat,itisnotequaltoaman's.117Disbandhercohorts,breakupherplans,118Beforeshelaysherhandsonus."119An?arlapsedintosilence,staringattheground,120HenoddedtoEa,shakinghishead.121TheIgigiandalltheAnunnakihadassembled,122Theysatintight-lippedsilence.123Nogodwouldgotoface..[..]124WouldgooutagainstTia-mat....[..]125YetthelordAn?ar,thefatherofthegreatgods,126Wasangryinhisheart,anddidnotsummonanyone.127Amightyson,theavengerofhisfather,128Hewhohastenstowar,thewarriorMarduk129Easummoned(him)tohisprivatechamber130Toexplaintohimhisplans.131"Marduk,givecounsel,listentoyourfather.132Youaremyson,whogivesmepleasure,133GoreverentlybeforeAn?ar,134Speak,takeyourstand,appeasehimwithyourglance."135Be-lrejoicedathisfather'swords,136HedrewnearandstoodinthepresenceofAn?ar.137An?arsawhim,hisheartfilledwithsatisfaction,138Hekissedhislipsandremovedhisfear.139"My[father]donotholdyourpeace,butspeakforth,140Iwillgoandfulfilyourdesires!141[An?ar,]donotholdyourpeace,butspeakforth,142Iwillgoandfulfilyourdesires!143Whichmanhasdrawnuphisbattlearrayagainstyou?144AndwillTia-mat,whoisawoman,attackyouwith(her)weapons?145["Myfather],begetter,rejoiceandbeglad,146SoonyouwilltreadontheneckofTia-mat!147[An?ar],begetter,rejoiceandbeglad,148SoonyouwilltreadontheneckofTia-mat!149["Go,]myson,conversantwithallknowledge,150AppeaseTia-matwithyourpurespell.151Drivethestormchariotwithoutdelay,152Andwitha[..]whichcannotberepelledturnherback."153Be-lrejoicedathisfather'swords,154Withgladheartheaddressedhisfather,155"Lordofthegods,Destinyofthegreatgods,156IfIshouldbecomeyouravenger,157IfIshouldbindTia-matandpreserveyou,158Conveneanassemblyandproclaimformeanexalteddestiny.159Sit,allofyou,inUp?ukkinakkuwithgladness,160Andletme,withmyutterance,decreedestiniesinsteadofyou.161WhateverIinstigatemustnotbechanged,162Normaymycommandbenullifiedoraltered."

TabletIII

1An?aropenedhismouth2AndaddressedKaka,hisvizier,3"VizierKaka,whogratifiesmypleasure,4IwillsendyoutoLah(muandLah(amu.5Youareskilledinmakinginquiry,learnedinaddress.6Havethegods,myfathers,broughttomypresence.7Letallthegodsbebrought,8Letthemconferastheysitattable.9Letthemeatgrain,letthemdrinkale,10LetthemdecreethedestinyforMarduktheiravenger.11Go,begone,Kaka,standbeforethem,12AndrepeattothemallthatItellyou:13"An?ar,yourson,hassentme,14AndIamtoexplainhisplans.15-52=II,11*-48(*insteadof'Myfather,'put''Thus,')53IsentAnu,buthecouldnotfaceher.54Nudimmudtookfrightandretired.55Marduk,thesageofthegods,yourson,hascomeforward,56HehasdeterminedtomeetTia-mat.57Hehasspokentomeandsaid,58-64=II,156*-162(*beginwithquotationmarks:"If)65Quickly,now,decreeyourdestinyforhimwithoutdelay,66Thathemaygoandfaceyourpowerfulenemy."67Kakawent.Hedirectedhissteps68ToLah(muandLah(amu,thegodshisfathers.69Heprostratedhimself,hekissedthegroundbeforethem,70Hegotup,sayingtothemhestood,71-124=II,13-66125WhenLah(h(aandLah(amuheard,theycriedaloud.126AlltheIgigimoanedindistress,127"Whathasgonewrongthatshetookthisdecisionaboutus?128WedidnotknowwhatTia-matwasdoing."129Allthegreatgodswhodecreedestinies130Gatheredastheywent,131TheyenteredthepresenceofAn?arandbecamefilledwith[joy],132Theykissedoneanotherasthey.[..]intheassembly.133Theyconferredastheysatattable,134Theyategrain,theydrankale.135Theystrainedthesweetliquorthroughtheirstraws,136Astheydrankbeerandfeltgood,137Theybecamequitecarefree,theirmoodwasmerry,138AndtheydecreedthefateforMarduk,theiravenger.

TabletIV

1Theysetalordlydaisforhim2Andhetookhisseatbeforehisfatherstoreceivekingship.3(Theysaid,)"Youarethemosthonouredamongthegreatgods,4Yourdestinyisunequalled,yourcommandislikeAnu's.5Marduk,youarethemosthonouredamongthegreatgods,6Yourdestinyisunequalled,yourcommandislikeAnu's.7Henceforthyourorderwillnotbeannulled,8Itisinyourpowertoexaltandabase.9Yourutteranceissure,yourcommandcannotberebelledagainst,10Noneofthegodswilltransgressthelineyoudraw.11Shrinesforallthegodsneedsprovisioning,12Thatyoumaybeestablishedwheretheirsanctuariesare.13YouareMarduk,ouravenger,14Wehavegivenyoukingshipoverthesumofthewholeuniverse.15Takeyourseatintheassembly,letyourwordbeexalted,16Letyourweaponsnotmissthemark,butmaytheyslayyourenemies.17Be-l,sparehimwhotrustsinyou,18Butdestroythegodwhosethismindonevil."19Theysetaconstellationinthemiddle20AndaddressedMarduk,theirson,21"Yourdestiny,Be-l,issuperiortothatofallthegods,22Commandandbringaboutannihilationandre-creation.23Lettheconstellationdisappearatyourutterance,24Withasecondcommandlettheconstellationreappear."25Hegavethecommandandtheconstellationdisappeared,26Withasecondcommandtheconstellationcameintobeingagain.27Whenthegods,hisfathers,saw(theeffectof)hisutterance,28Theyrejoicedandofferedcongratulation:"Mardukistheking!"29Theyaddedtohimamace,athrone,andarod,30Theygavehimanirresistibleweaponthatoverwhelmsthefoe:31(Theysaid,)"Go,cutTia-mat'sthroat,32Andletthewindsbearupherbloodtogivethenews."33Thegods,hisfathers,decreedthedestinyofBe-l,34Andsethimontheroad,thewayofprosperityandsuccess.35Hefashionedabowandmadeithisweapon,36Hesetanarrowinplace,putthebowstringon.37Hetookuphisclubandhelditinhisrighthand,38Hisbowandquiverhehungathisside.39Heplacedlightningbeforehim,40Andfilledhisbodywithtonguesofflame.41HemadeanettoenmeshtheentrailsofTia-mat,42Andstationedthefourwindsthatnopartofherescape.43TheSouthWind,theNorthWind,theEastWind,theWestWind,44Heputbesidehisnet,windsgivenbyhisfather,Anu.45HefashionedtheEvilWind,theDustStorm,Tempest,46TheFour-foldWind,theSeven-foldWind,theChaos-spreadingWind,the.....Wind.47Hesentoutthesevenwindsthathehadfashioned,48AndtheytooktheirstandbehindhimtoharassTia-mat'sentrails.49Be-ltookuptheStorm-flood,hisgreatweapon,50Herodethefearfulchariotoftheirresistiblestorm.51Foursteedsheyokedtoitandharnessedthemtoit,52TheDestroyer,TheMerciless,TheTrampler,TheFleet.53Theirlipswereparted,theirteethborevenom,54Theywerestrangerstoweariness,trainedtosweepforward.55Athisrighthandhestationedragingbattleandstrife,56Ontheleft,conflictthatoverwhelmsaunitedbattlearray.57Hewascladinatunic,afearfulcoatofmail,58Andonhasheadheworeanauraofterror.59Be-lproceededandsetoutonhisway,60HesethisfacetowardtheragingTia-mat.61Inhislipsheheldaspell,62Hegraspedaplanttocounterpoisoninhishand,63Thereupontheymilledaroundhim,thegodsmilledaroundhim,64Thegods,hisfathers,milledaroundhim,thegodsmilledaroundhim.65Be-ldrewnear,surveyingthemawofTia-mat,66HeobservedthetricksofQingu,herspouse.67Ashelooked,helosthisnerve,68Hisdeterminationwentandhefaltered.69Hisdivineaides,whoweremarchingathisside,70Sawthewarrior,theforemost,andtheirvisionbecamedim.71Tia-matcastherspellwithoutturningherneck,72Inherlipsshehelduntruthandlies,73"[.].............74Intheir[.].theyhaveassembledbyyou."75Be-l[liftedup]theStorm-flood,hisgreatweapon,76AndwiththesewordsthrewitattheragingTia-mat,77"Whyareyouaggressiveandarrogant,78Andstrivetoprovokebattle?79Theyoungergenerationhaveshouted,outragingtheirelders,80Butyou,theirmother,holdpityincontempt.81Qinguyouhavenamedtobeyourspouse,82AndyouhaveimproperlyappointedhimtotherankofAnuship.83AgainstAn?ar,kingofthegods,youhavestirreduptrouble,84Andagainstthegods,myfathers,yourtroubleisestablished.85Deployyourtroops,girdonyourweapons,86YouandIwilltakeourstandanddobattle."87WhenTia-matheardthis88Shewentinsaneandlostherreason.89Tia-matcriedaloudandfiercely,90Allherlowermemberstrembledbeneathher.91Shewasrecitinganincantation,keptrecitingherspell,92Whilethe(battle-)godsweresharpeningtheirweaponsofwar.93Tia-matandMarduk,thesageofthegods,cametogether,94Joininginstrife,drawingneartobattle.95Be-lspreadouthisnetandenmeshedher;96HeletloosetheEvilWind,therearguard,inherface.97Tia-matopenedhermouthtoswallowit,98ShelettheEvilWindinsothatshecouldnotcloseherlips.99Thefiercewindsweigheddownherbelly,100Herinwardsweredistendedandsheopenedhermouthwide.101Heletflyanarrowandpiercedherbelly,102Hetoreopenherentrailsandslitherinwards,103Heboundherandextinguishedherlife,104Hethrewdownhercorpseandstoodonit.105AfterhehadkilledTia-mat,theleader,106Herassemblydispersed,herhostscattered.107Herdivineaides,whowentbesideher,108Intremblingandfearbeataretreat.109....tosavetheirlives,110Buttheywerecompletelysurrounded,unabletoescape.111Heboundthemandbroketheirweapons,112Andtheylayenmeshed,sittinginasnare,113Hidingincorners,filledwithgrief,114Bearinghispunishment,heldinaprison.115Theelevencreatureswhowereladenwithfearfulness,116Thethrongofdevilswhowentasgroomsatherrighthand,117Heputropesuponthemandboundtheirarms,118Togetherwiththeirwarfarehetrampledthembeneathhim.119NowQingu,whohadrisentopoweramongthem,120HeboundandreckonedwiththeDeadGods.121HetookfromhimtheTabletofDestinies,whichwasnotproperlyhis,122Sealeditwithasealandfastenedittohisownbreast.123AfterthewarriorMardukhadboundandslainhisenemies,124Had....thearrogantenemy...,125HadestablishedvictoryforAn?aroverallhisfoes,126HadfulfilledthedesireofNudimmud,127HestrengthenedhisholdontheBoundGods,128AndreturnedtoTia-mat,whomhehadbound.129Be-lplacedhisfeetonthelowerpartsofTia-mat130Andwithhismercilessclubsmashedherskull.131Heseveredherarteries132AndlettheNorthwindbearup(herblood)togivethenews.133Hisfatherssawitandweregladandexulted;134Theybroughtgiftsandpresentstohim.135Be-lrested,surveyingthecorpse,136Inordertodividethelumpbyacleverscheme.137Hesplitherintotwolikeadriedfish:138Onehalfofherhesetupandstretchedoutastheheavens.139Hestretchedtheskinandappointedawatch140Withtheinstructionnottoletherwatersescape.141Hecrossedovertheheavens,surveyedthecelestialparts,142AndadjustedthemtomatchtheAps?,Nudimmud'sabode.143Be-lmeasuredtheshapeoftheAps?144AndsetupE?arra,areplicaofE?galla.145InE?galla,E?arrawhichhehadbuilt,andtheheavens,146HesettledintheirshrinesAnu,Enlil,andEa.

TabletV

1Hefashionedheavenlystationsforthegreatgods,2Andsetupconstellations,thepatternsofthestars.3Heappointedtheyear,markedoffdivisions,4Andsetupthreestarseachforthetwelvemonths.5Afterhehadorganizedtheyear,6HeestablishedtheheavenlystationofNe-berutofixthestars'intervals.7Thatnoneshouldtransgressorbeslothful8HefixedtheheavenlystationsofEnlilandEawithit.9Gatesheopenedonbothsides,10Andputstrongboltsattheleftandtheright.11Heplacedtheheights(ofheaven)inher(Tia-mat's)belly,12HecreatedNannar,entrustingtohimthenight.13Heappointedhimasthejewelofthenighttofixthedays,14Andmonthbymonthwithoutceasingheelevatedhimwithacrown,15(Saying,)"Shineoverthelandatthebeginningofthemonth,16Resplendentwithhornstofixsixdays.17Ontheseventhdaythecrownwillbehalfsize,18Onthefifteenthday,halfwaythrougheachmonth,standinopposition.19When?ama?[sees]youonthehorizon,20Diminishintheproperstagesandshinebackwards.21Onthe29thday,drawneartothepathof?ama?,22.[..]the30thday,standinconjunctionandrival?ama?.23Ihave(....].thesign,followitstrack,24Drawnear..(.....)givejudgment.25.[....].?ama?,constrain[murder]andviolence,26.[...................].me.******35Attheend[...36Letthere[be]the29thday[..."37After[hehad....]thedecrees[...38Theorganizationoffrontand.[...39Hemadetheday[...40Lettheyearbeequally[...41Atthenewyear[...42Theyear.....[...43Letthereberegularly[...44Theprojectingbolt[...45Afterhehad[...46Thewatchesofnightandday[...47ThefoamwhichTia-mat[...48Mardukfashioned[...49Hegatheredittogetherandmadeitintoclouds.50Theragingofthewinds,violentrainstorms,51Thebillowingofmist—theaccumulationofherspittle—52Heappointedforhimselfandtooktheminhishand.53Heputherheadinpositionandpouredout..[..].54Heopenedtheabyssanditwassatedwithwater.55FromhertwoeyeshelettheEuphratesandTigrisflow,56Heblockedhernostrils,butleft..57Heheapedupthedistant[mountains]onherbreasts,58Heboredwellstochannelthesprings.59HetwistedhertailandwoveitintotheDurmah(u,60[...]..theAps?beneathhisfeet.61[Hesetup]hercrotch—itwedgeduptheheavens—62[(Thus)thehalfofher]hestretchedoutandmadeitfirmastheearth.63[After]hehadfinishedhisworkinsideTia-mat,64[Hespread]hisnetandletitrightout.65Hesurveyedtheheavensandtheearth..[.].66[..]theirbonds.......67Afterhehadformulatedhisregulationsandcomposed[his]decrees,68Heattachedguide-ropesandputtheminEa'shands.69[TheTablet]ofDestinieswhichQinguhadtakenandcarried,70Hetookchargeofitasatrophy(?)andpresentedittoAnu.71[The.].ofbattle,whichhehadtiedonorhadputonhishead,72[.].hebroughtbeforehisfathers.73[Now]theelevencreaturestowhichTia-mathadgivenbirthand...,74Hebroketheirweaponsandboundthem(thecreatures)tohisfeet.75Hemadeimagesofthemandstationedthematthe[Gate]oftheAps?,76Tobeasignnevertobeforgotten.77[Thegods]sawitandwerejubilantlyhappy,78(Thatis,)Lah(mu,Lah(amuandallhisfathers.79An?ar[embraced]himandpublishedabroadhistitle,"VictoriousKing,"80Anu,EnlilandEagavehimgifts.81MotherDamkina,whoborehim,hailedhim,82Withacleanfestalrobeshemadehisfaceshine.83ToUsm?,whoheldherpresenttogivethenews,84[Heentrusted]thevizierateoftheAps?andthecareoftheholyplaces.85TheIgigiassembledandalldidobeisancetohim,86EveryoneoftheAnunnakiwaskissinghisfeet.87Theyall[gathered]toshowtheirsubmission,88[...].theystood,theyboweddown,"Beholdtheking!"89Hisfathers[...].andtooktheirfillofhisbeauty,90Be-llistenedtotheirutterance,beinggirdedwiththedustofbattle.91.[............].......92Anointinghisbodywith.[...]cedarperfume.93Heclothedhimselfin[his]lordlyrobe,94Withacrownofterrorasaroyalaura.95Hetookuphisclubandhelditinhisrighthand,96...].hegraspedinhisleft.97[....................]98...].hesethisfeet.99Heputupon.[...100Thesceptreofprosperityandsuccess[hehung]athisside.101After[hehad...]theaura[102Headorned(?)hissack,theAps?,withafearful[..]103Wassettledlike.[...104In[his]throneroom[...105Inhiscella[...106Everyoneofthegods[...107Lah(muandLah(amu.[.......].108Openedtheirmouthsand[addressed]theIgigigods,109"PreviouslyMardukwasourbelovedson,110Nowheisyourking,heedhiscommand!"111Next,theyallspokeuptogether,112"HisnameisLugaldimmerankia,trustinhim!"113WhentheyhadgivenkingshiptoMarduk,114Theyaddressedtohimabenedictionforprosperityandsuccess,115"Henceforthyouarethecaretakerofourshrine,116Whateveryoucommand,wewilldo!"117Mardukopenedhismouthtospeak118Andaddressedthegodshisfathers,119"AbovetheAps?,theemerald(?)abode,120OppositeE?arra,whichIbuiltforyou,121Beneaththecelestialparts,whosefloorImadefirm,122Iwillbuildahousetobemyluxuriousabode.123WithinitIwillestablishitsshrine,124Iwillfoundmychamberandestablishmykingship.125WhenyoucomeupfromtheAps?tomakeadecision126Thiswillbeyourrestingplacebeforetheassembly.127Whenyoudescendfromheaventomakeadecision128Thiswillbeyourrestingplacebeforetheassembly.129Ishallcallitsname'Babylon',"TheHomesoftheGreatGods",130Withinitwewillholdafestival:thatwillbetheeveningfestival.131[Thegods],hisfathers,[heard]thisspeechofhis,132.[............].theysaid,133"Withregardtoallthatyourhandshavemade,134Whohasyour[...]?135Withregardtotheearththatyourhandshavemade,136Whohasyour[...]?137InBabylon,asyouhavenamedit,138Putour[restingplace]forever.139.[.........]letthemourbringregularofferings140.[................]..141Whoever[...]ourtaskswhichwe.[...142Therein[.....]itstoil.[...143[.....................]144Theyrejoiced[...........]..[...145Thegods.[.............]146Hewhoknows[.........].them147Heopened[hismouthshowing]themlight,148..[.........]hisspeech.[.]149Hemadewide[........].them[...150And.[............].....151Thegodsboweddown,speakingtohim,152TheyaddressedLugaldimmerankia,theirlord,153"Formerly,lord,[youwereourbeloved]son,154Nowyouareourking,..[...]155Hewho.[.].[.]preserved[us]156..[...]theauraofclubandsceptre.157Lethimconceiveplans[....]..[...]158[.]..[......that]we.[..."

TabletVI

1WhenMardukheardthegods'speech2Heconceivedadesiretoaccomplishcleverthings.3HeopenedhismouthaddressingEa,4Hecounselsthatwhichhehadponderedinhisheart,5"Iwillbringtogetherbloodtoformbone,6IwillbringintobeingLull?,whosenameshallbe'man'.7IwillcreateLull?—man8Onwhomthetoilofthegodswillbelaidthattheymayrest.9Iwillskilfullyaltertheorganizationofthegods:10Thoughtheyarehonouredasone,theyshallbedividedintotwo."11Eaanswered,asheaddressedawordtohim,12Expressinghiscommentsontherestingofthegods,13"Letonebrotheroftheirsbegivenup.14Lethimperishthatpeoplemaybefashioned.15Letthegreatgodsassemble16Andlettheguiltyonebegivenupthattheymaybeconfirmed."17Mardukassembledthegreatgods,18Usinggraciousdirectionashegavehisorder,19Ashespokethegodsheededhim:20ThekingaddressedawordtotheAnunnaki,21"Yourformeroathwastrueindeed,22(Nowalso)tellmethesolemntruth:23Whoistheonewhoinstigatedwarfare,24WhomadeTia-matrebel,andsetbattleinmotion?25Lethimwhoinstigatedwarfarebegivenup26ThatImaylayhispunishmentonhim;butyousitandrest.27TheIgigi,thegreatgods,answeredhim,28Thatis,Lugaldimmerankia,thecounsellorofthegods,thelord,29"Qinguistheonewhoinstigatedwarfare,30WhomadeTia-matrebelandsetbattleinmotion."31Theyboundhim,holdinghimbeforeEa,32Theyinflictedthepenaltyonhimandseveredhisblood-vessels.33Fromhisbloodhe(Ea)createdmankind,34Onwhomheimposedtheserviceofthegods,andsetthegodsfree.35AfterthewiseEahadcreatedmankind36Andhadimposedtheserviceofthegodsuponthem—37Thattaskisbeyondcomprehension38ForNudimmudperformedthecreationwiththeskillofMarduk—39KingMardukdividedthegods,40AlltheAnunnakiintoupperandlowergroups.41Heassigned300intheheavenstoguardthedecreesofAnu42Andappointedthemasaguard.43Nexthearrangedtheorganizationofthenetherworld.44Inheavenandnetherworldhestationed600gods.45Afterhehadarrangedallthedecrees,46AndhaddistributedincomesamongtheAnunnakiofheavenandnetherworld,47TheAnunnakiopenedtheirmouths48AndaddressedtheirlordMarduk,49"Now,lord,seeingyouhaveestablishedourfreedom50Whatfavourcanwedoforyou?51Letusmakeashrineofgreatrenown:52Yourchamberwillbeourrestingplacewhereinwemayrepose.53Letuserectashrinetohouseapedestal54Whereinwemayreposewhenwefinish(thework)."55WhenMardukheardthis,56Hebeamedasbrightlyasthelightofday,57"BuildBabylon,thetaskyouhavesought.58Letbricksforitbemoulded,andraisetheshrine!"59TheAnunnakiwieldedthepick.60Foroneyeartheymadetheneededbricks.61Whenthesecondyeararrived,62TheyraisedthepeakofEsagil,areplicaoftheAps?.63TheybuilttheloftytempletoweroftheAps?64AndforAnu,Enlil,andEatheyestablishedits..asadwelling.65Hesatinsplendourbeforethem,66Suveyingitshorns,whichwerelevelwiththebaseofE?arra.67AftertheyhadcompletedtheworkonEsagil68AlltheAnunnakiconstructedtheirownshrines.69300Igigiofheavenand600oftheAps?,allofthem,hadassembled.70Be-lseatedthegods,hisfathers,atthebanquet71Intheloftyshrinewhichtheyhadbuiltforhisdwelling,72(Saying,)"ThisisBabylon,yourfixeddwelling,73Takeyourpleasurehere!Sitdowninjoy!74Thegreatgodssatdown,75Beer-mugsweresetoutandtheysatatthebanquet.76Aftertheyhadenjoyedthemselvesinside77TheyheldaserviceinawesomeEsagil.78Theregulationsandalltheruleswereconfirmed:79Allthegodsdividedthestationsofheavenandnetherwor1d.80ThecollegeoftheFiftygreatgodstooktheirseats,81TheSevengodsofdestinieswereappointedtogivedecisions.82Be-lreceivedhisweapon,thebow,andlaiditbeforethem:83Hisdivinefatherssawthenetwhichhehadmade.84Hisfatherssawhowskilfullywroughtwasthestructureofthebow85Astheypraisedwhathehadmade.86Anulifteditupinthedivineassembly,87Hekissedthebow,saying,"Itismydaughter!"88Thushecalledthenamesofthebow:89"LongStick"wasthefirst;thesecondwas,"Mayithitthemark."90Withthethirdname,"BowStar",hemadeittoshineinthesky,91Hefixeditsheavenlypositionalongwithitsdivinebrothers.92AfterAnuhaddecreedthedestinyofthebow,93Hesetdownaroyalthrone,aloftyoneevenforagod,94Anusetitthereintheassemblyofthegods.95Thegreatgodsassembled,96TheyexaltedthedestinyofMardukanddidobeisance.97Theyinvokedacurseonthemselves98Andtookanoathwithwaterandoil,andputtheirhandstotheirthroats.99Theygrantedhimtherighttoexercisekingshipoverthegods,100Theyconfirmedhimaslordofthegodsofheavenandnetherworld.101An?argavehimhisexaltedname,Asalluh(i102"Atthementionofhisname,letusshowsubmission!103Whenhespeaks,letthegodsheedhim,104Lethiscommandbesuperiorinupperandlowerregions.105Maytheson,ouravenger,beexalted,106Lethislordshipbesuperiorandhimselfwithoutrival.107Lethimshepherdtheblack-heads,hiscreatures,108Letthemtellofhischaractertofuturedayswithoutforgetting.109Lethimestablishlavishfoodofferingsforhisfathers,110Lethimprovidefortheirmaintenanceandbecaretakeroftheirsanctuaries,111Lethimburnincensetorejoicetheirsanctums.112Lethimdoonearththesameashehasdoneinheaven:113Lethimappointtheblack-headstoworshiphim.114Thesubjecthumansshouldtakenoteandcallontheirgods,115Sincehecommandstheyshouldheedtheirgoddesses,116Letfoodofferingsbebrought[for](?)theirgodsandgoddesses,117Maythey(?)notbeforgotten,maytheyremembertheirgods,118Maythey...their..,maythey..theirshrines.119Thoughtheblack-headsworshipsomeone,someanothergod,120Heisthegodofeachandeveryoneofus!121Come,letuscallthefiftynames122Ofhimwhosecharacterisresplendent,whoseachievementisthesame.123(1)MARDUKAshewasnamedbyhisfatherAnufromhisbirth,124Whosuppliespasturageandwatering,makingthestablesflourish.125Whoboundtheboastfulwithhisweapon,thestormflood,126Andsavedthegods,hisfathers,fromdistress.127Heistheson,thesun-godofthegods,heisdazzling,128Letthemeverwalkinhisbrightlight.129Onthepeoplesthathecreated,thelivingbeings,130Heimposedtheserviceofthegodsandtheytookrest.131Creationandannihilation,forgivenessandexactingthepenalty132Occurathiscommand,soletthemfixtheireyesonhim.133(2)Marukka:heisthegodwhocreatedthem134WhoputtheAnunnakiatease,theIgigiatrest.135(3)Marutukku:heisthesupportofland,city,anditspeoples,136Henceforthletthepeopleseverheedhim.137(4)Mer?aku?u:fierceyetdeliberating,angryyetrelenting,138Hismindiswide,hisheartisall-embracing.139(5)Lugaldimmerankiaisthenamebywhichweallcalledhim,140Whosecommandwehaveexaltedabovethatofthegodshisfathers.141Heisthelordofallthegodsofheavenandnetherworld,142Thekingatwhoseinjunctionsthegodsinupperandlowerregionsshudder.143(6)Narilugaldimmerankiaisthenamewegavehim,thementorofeverygod,144Whoestablishedourdwellingsinheavenandnetherworldintimeoftrouble,145WhodistributedtheheavenlystationsbetweenIgigiandAnunnaki,146Letthegodstrembleathisnameandquakeontheirseats.147(7)Asalluh(iisthenamebywhichhisfatherAnucalledhim,148Heisthelightofthegods,amightyhero,149Who,ashisnamesays,isaprotectingangelforgodandland,150Whobyaterriblecombatsavedourdwellingintimeoftrouble.151(8)Asalluh(i-Namtillatheycalledhimsecondly,thelife-givinggod,152Who,inaccordancewiththeform(of)his(name),restoredalltheruinedgods,153Thelord,whobroughttolifethedeadgodsbyhispureincantation,154Letuspraisehimasthedestroyerofthecrookedenemies.155(9)Asalluh(i-Namru,ashisnameiscalledthirdly,156Thepuregod,whocleansesourcharacter."157An?ar,Lah(mu,andLah(amu(each)calledhimbythreeofhisnames,158Thentheyaddressedthegods,theirsons,159"Wehaveeachcalledhimbythreeofhisnames,160Nowyoucallhisnames,likeus."161Thegodsrejoicedastheyheardtheirspeech,162InUp?uukkinakitheyheldaconference,163"Ofthewarriorson,ouravenger,164Oftheprovisioner,letusextolthename."165Theysatdownintheirassembly,summoningthedestinies,166Andwithalldueritestheycalledhisname:

TabletVII

1(10)Asarre,thegiverofarablelandwhoestablishedplough-land,2Thecreatorofbarleyandflax,whomadeplantlifegrow.3(11)Asaralim,whoisreveredinthecounselchamber,whosecounselexcels,4Thegodsheeditandgraspfearofhim.5(12)Asaralimnunna,thenoble,thelightofthefather,hisbegetter,6WhodirectsthedecreesofAnu,Enlil,andEa,thatisNin?iku.7Heistheirprovisioner,whoassignstheirincomes,8Whoseturbanmultipliesabundancefortheland.9(13)Tutuishe,whoaccomplishestheirrenovation,10Lethimpurifytheirsanctuariesthattheymayrepose.11Lethimfashionanincantationthatthegodsmayrest,12Thoughtheyriseupinfury,letthemwithdraw.13Heisindeedexaltedintheassemblyofthegods,his[fathers],14Nooneamongthegodscan[equal]him.15(14)Tutu-Ziukkinna,thelifeof[his]host,16Whoestablished,thepureheavensforthegods,17Whotookchargeoftheircourses,whoappointed[theirstations],16Mayhenotbeforgottenamongmortals,but[letthemremember]hisdeeds.19(15)Tutu-Zikutheycalledhimthirdly,theestablisherofpurification,20Thegodofthepleasantbreeze,lordofsuccessandobedience,21Whoproducesbountyandwealth,whoestablishesabundance,22Whoturnseverythingscantthatwehaveintoprofusion,23Whosepleasantbreezewesniffedintimeofterribletrouble,24Letmencommandthathispraisesbeconstantlyuttered,letthemofferworshiptohim.25As(16)Tutu-Agaku,fourthly,lethumansextolhim,26Lordofthepureincantation,whobroughtthedeadbacktolife,27WhoshowedmercyontheBoundGods,28Whothrewtheimposedyokeonthegods,hisenemies,29Andtosparethemcreatedmankind.30Themerciful,inwhosepoweritistorestoretolife,31Lethiswordsbesureandnotforgotten32Fromthemouthsoftheblack-heads,hiscreatures.33As(17)Tutu-Tuku,fifthly,lettheirmouthgiveexpressiontohispurespell,34Whoextirpatedallthewickedbyhispureincantation.35(18)?azu,whoknewtheheartofthegods,whosawthereins,36Whodidnotletanevil-doerescapefromhim,37Whoestablishedtheassemblyofthegods,whorejoicedtheirhearts,38Whosubjugatedthedisobedient,heisthegods'encompassingprotection.39Hemadetruthtoprosper,heuprootedperversespeech,40Heseparatedfalsehoodfromtruth.41As(19)?azu-Zisi,secondly,letthemcontinuallypraisehim,thesubduerofaggressors,42Whooustedconsternationoffromthebodiesofthegods,hisfathers.43(20)?azu-Suh(rim,thirdly,whoextirpatedeveryfoewithhisweapons,44Whoconfoundedtheirplansandturnedthemintowind.45Hesnuffedoutallthewickedwhocameagainsthim,46Letthegodsevershoutacclamationsintheassembly.47(21)?azu-Suh(gurim,fourthly,whoestablishedsuccessforthegods,hisfathers,48Whoextirpatedfoesanddestroyedtheiroffspring,49Whoscatteredtheirachievements,leavingnopartofthem,50Lethisnamebespokenandproclaimedintheland.51As(22)?azu-Zah(rim,fifthly,letfuturegererationsdiscusshim,52Thedestroyerofeveryrebel,ofallthedisobedient,53Whobroughtallthefugitivegodsintotheshrines,54Letthisnameofhisbeestablished.55As(23)?azu-Zah(gurim,sixthly,letthemaltogetherandeverywhereworshiphim,56Whohimselfdestroyedallthefoesinbattle.57(24)Enbiluluishe,thelordwhosuppliesthemabundantly,58Theirgreatchosenone,whoprovidescerealofferings,59Whokeepspasturageandwateringingoodconditionandestablisheditfortheland,60Whoopenedwatercoursesanddistributedplentifulwater.61(25)Enbilulu-Epadun,lordofcommonlandand...,letthem[callhim]secondly,62Canalsupervisorofheavenandnetherworld,whosetsthefurrow,Whoestablishescleanarablelandintheopencountry,63Whodirectsirrigationditchandcanal,andmarksoutthefurrow.64As(26)Enbilulu-Gugal,canalsupervisorofthewatercoursesofthegods,letthempraisehimthirdly,65Lordofabundance,profusion,andhugestores(ofgrain),66Whoprovidesbounty,whoenricheshumanhabitations,67Whogiveswheat,andbringsgrainintobeing.68(27)Enbilulu-H(egal,whoaccumulatesabundanceforthepeoples....69Whorainsdownrichesonthebroadearth,andsuppliesabundantvegetation.70(28)Sirsir,whoheapedupamountainontopofTia-mat,71WhoplunderedthecorpseofTia-matwith[his]weapons,72Theguardianoftheland,theirtrustworthyshepherd,73Whosehairisagrowingcrop,whoseturbanisafurrow,74WhokeptcrossingthebroadSeainhisfury,75Andkeptcrossingovertheplaceofherbattleasthoughitwereabridge.76(29)Sirsir-Malah(theynamedhimsecondly—sobeit—77Tia-matwashisboat,hewashersailor.78(30)Gil,whoeverheapsuppilesofbarley,massivemounds,79Thecreatorofgrainandflocks,whogivesseedfortheland.80(31)Gilima,whomadethebondofthegodsfirm,whocreatedstability,81Asnarethatoverwhelmedthem,whoyetextendedfavours.82(32)Agilima,thelofty,whosnatchesoffthecrown,whotakeschargeofsnow,83Whocreatedtheearthonthewaterandmadefirmtheheightofheaven.84(33)Zulum,whoassignsmeadowsforthegodsanddividesupwhathehascreated,85Whogivesincomesandfood-offerings,whoadministersshrines.86(34)Mummu,creatorofheavenendunderworld,whoprotectsrefugees,87Thegodwhopurifiesheavenandunderworld,secondlyZulummu,88Inrespectofwhosestrengthnoneotheramongthegodscanequalhim.89(35)Gi?numunab,creatorofallthepeoples,whomadetheworldregions,90WhodestroyedTia-mat'sgods,andmadepeoplesfrompartofthem.91(36)Lugalabdubur,thekingwhoscatteredtheworksofTia-mat,whouprootedherweapons,92Whosefoundationissecureonthe"ForeandAft".93(37)Pagalguenna,foremostofalllords,whosestrengthisexalted,94Whoisthegreatestamongthegods,hisbrothers,themostnobleofthemall.95(38)Lugaldurmah(,kingofthebondofthegods,lordofDurmah(u,96Whoisthegreatestintheroyalabode,infinitelymoreloftythantheothergods.97(39)Aranunna,counsellorofEa,creatorofthegods,hisfathers,98Whomnogodcanequalinrespectofhislordlywalk.99(40)Dumuduku,whorenewsforhimselfhispureabodeinDuku,100Dumuduku,withoutwhomLugaldukudoesnotmakeadecision.101(41)Lugal?uanna,thekingwhosestrengthisexaltedamongthegods,102Thelord,thestrengthofAnu,hewhoissupreme,chosenofAn?ar.103(42)Irugga,whoplunderedthemallintheSea,104Whograspsallwisdom,iscomprehensiveinunderstanding.105(43)Irqingu,whoplunderedQinguin...battle,106Whodirectsalldecreesandestablisheslordship.107(44)Kinma,thedirectorofallthegods,whogivescounsel,108Atwhosenamethegodsbenddowninreverenceasbeforeahurricane.109(45)Dingir-Esiskur—lethimtakehisloftyseatintheHouseofBenediction,110Letthegodsbringtheirpresentsbeforehim111Untilhereceivestheirofferings.112Noonebutheaccomplishescleverthings113Thefour(regions)ofblack-headsarehiscreation,114Apartfromhimnogodknowsthemeasureoftheirdays.115(46)Girru,whomakesweaponshard(?),116WhoaccomplishedcleverthingsinthebattlewithTia-mat,117Comprehensiveinwisdom,skilledinunderstanding,118Adeepmind,thatallthegodscombineddonotunderstand.119Let(47)Addubehisname,lethimcoverthewholespanofheaven,120Lethimthunderwithhispleasantvoiceupontheearth,121Maytherumblefill(?)thecloudsAndgivesustenancetothepeoplesbelow.122(48)A?a-ru,who,ashisnamesays,musteredtheDivineFates123Heindeedisthewardenofabsolutelyallpeoples.124As(49)Ne-berulethimholdthecrossingplaceofheavenandunderworld,125Theyshouldnotcrossaboveorbelow,butshouldwaitforhim.126Ne-beruishisstar,whichhecausedtoshineinthesky,127Lethimtakehisstandontheheavenlystaircasethattheymaylookathim.128Yes,hewhoconstantlycrossestheSeawithoutresting,129LethisnamebeNe-beru,whograspshermiddle,130Lethimfixthepathsofthestarsofheaven,131Lethimshepherdallthegodslikesheep,132LethimbindTia-matandputherlifeinmortaldanger,133Togenerationsyetunborn,todistantfuturedays,134Mayhecontinueunchecked,mayhepersistintoeternity.135Sincehecreatedtheheavensandfashionedtheearth,136Enlil,thefather,calledhimbyhisownname,(50)'LordoftheLands'.137EaheardthenameswhichalltheIgigicalled138Andhisspiritbecameradiant.139"Why!Hewhosenamewasextolledbyhisfathers140Lethim,likeme,becalled(51)'Ea'.141Lethimcontrolthesumofallmyrites,142Lethimadministerallmydecrees."143Withtheword"Fifty"thegreatgods144Calledhisfiftynamesandassignedhimanoutstandingposition.145Theyshouldberemembered;aleadingfigureshouldexpoundthem,146Thewiseandlearnedshouldconferaboutthem,147Afathershouldrepeatthemandteachthemtohisson,148Oneshouldexplainthemtoshepherdandherdsman.149IfoneisnotnegligenttoMarduk,theEnlilofthegods,150Mayone'slandflourish,andoneselfprosper,151(For)hiswordisreliable,hiscommandunchanged,152Nogodcanaltertheutteranceofhismouth.153Whenhelooksinfury,hedoesnotrelent,154Whenhisangerisablaze,nogodcanfacehim.155Hismindisdeep,hisspiritisall-embracing,156Beforewhomsinandtransgressionaresoughtout.157Instructionwhichaleadingfigurerepeatedbeforehim(Marduk):158Hewroteitdownandstoreditsothatgenerationstocomemighthearit.159[..].Marduk,whocreatedtheIgigigods,160Thoughtheydiminish...letthemcallonhisname.161...thesongofMarduk,162WhodefeatedTia-matandtookkingship

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